Where processing is to be carried out on behalf of a controller, the controller shall use only processors providing sufficient guarantees to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures in such a manner that processing will meet the requirements...

1 The processor shall not engage another processor without prior specific or general written authorisation of the controller. 2 In the case of general written authorisation, the processor shall inform the controller of any intended changes concerning ...

1 Processing by a processor shall be governed by a contract or other legal act under Union or Member State law, that is binding on the processor with regard to the controller and that sets out the subject-matter and duration of the processing, the nature...

1 Where a processor engages another processor for carrying out specific processing activities on behalf of the controller, the same data protection obligations as set out in the contract or other legal act between the controller and the processor as referred...

Adherence of a processor to an approved code of conduct as referred to in  Article 40  or an approved certification mechanism as referred to in  Article 42  may be used as an element by which to demonstrate sufficient guarantees as referred to in par...

Without prejudice to an individual contract between the controller and the processor, the contract or the other legal act referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article may be based, in whole or in part, on standard contractual clauses referred to...

The Commission may lay down standard contractual clauses for the matters referred to in paragraph 3 and 4 of this Article and in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in  Article 93 (2).

A supervisory authority may adopt standard contractual clauses for the matters referred to in paragraph 3 and 4 of this Article and in accordance with the consistency mechanism referred to in  Article 63 .

The contract or the other legal act referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 shall be in writing, including in electronic form.

Without prejudice to  Articles 82 ,  83  and  84 , if a processor infringes this Regulation by determining the purposes and means of processing, the processor shall be considered to be a controller in respect of that processing.